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| We are deeply concerned with global climate change, the higher frequency of extreme weather conditions, the rise of sea level, land losses and floods in coastal regions, the intrusion of saltwater into the freshwater of small islands, the dramatic reduction in biodiversity, heat waves and droughts, hurricane violence and frequency, ubiquitous pollution. However, we are optimist that mitigation is still possible if the world reacts with extreme energy and cohesion. At COP21, a universal agreement on climate change mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, technology development and transfer, finance, capacity building has been finally consolidated. Wide-ranging ratification led to record-setting entry into force. We hail the Paris Agreement and the other crucial COP Decisions. We are analysing it in a specially devoted website: www.accordodiparigi.it To raise further the ambition of the next wave of Nationally Determined Contribution, to actually achieve their current and future objectives, to support the civil society, the private sector, the cities and other sub-national entities, the investment institution in their own pledges and ctionsm, new approaches and policies are badly needed. The success in Paris supports the perspective of a MOSAIC approach offering scope for different national commitments but also effective feedback mechanisms to ongoing rise in mitigation ambitions. It should be built upon experiences from cities and sub-national territories, such as those which are implementing the innovative economic policies the Economics Web Institute has been proposing since COP15, including by direct participation to several COPs. Let's meet in Glasgow COP26 2020!
For the sake of the scoping meeting in August 2016, this paper provides four broad suggestions on how to best reflect the Paris Agreement into the IPCC report requested by the UNFCCC COP Decision. It provides a list of issues that might be discussed at the scoping meeting in order to produce together a preliminary table of contents of the Special Report on "The impacts of global warming of 1.5 ºC above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways" and key questions each chapter might answer. The paper is organised as follows: in Part I, it reports the UNFCCC and IPCC decisions on the Special Report, then it shortly highlights why countries in UNFCCC asked for such report and which are the expectations it should fulfil. This leads to a first broad suggestion. Then it alternates a chapter devoted to discussion and a broad suggestion, for three times. Part II contains a long tentative Table of contents covering 11 chapters, very preliminarily outlining key questions for each one, based on the broad suggestions. Finally, limitations of the paper are highlighted in its conclusion. EWI answer to IPCC questionnaire on the forthcoming Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways Call for co-authors on 1.5C papers Paris Agreement: the COP21 texts Approved version and previous president proposals. 12 pages of Paris Agreement and 15 pages in the COP Decision Analysing the Paris Agreement An initiative of the Economics Web Institute in Italian language and in automatic translation to English, French, Spanish and Arabic. Paris Agreement: the evolution between October and November The version of Oct 6 2015 of a possible text for the universal UNFCCC agreement, very significantly trimmed into manageable dimensions from this other previous July version, but certainly lacking key elements. Expanded back in mid-October in Bonn: Version of 10th November One file with the full text of all INDC (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) by UNFCCC countries Climate change in perspective: the overall Global Universal Sustainable Development Goals
Book Innovative Economic Policies for Climate Change Mitigation
More than 20 policies to foster the transition towards a low-emission economy in developed and developing countries, with a wide spectrum of measures and solutions targeting firms, sectors, households and governments. They can be used as building blocks for NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions). Instead of framing "climate change mitigation" as a cost, as the traditional carbon tax and the cap-and-trade system do, we feel it is a huge opportunity for innovation, profits, employment, wages and improvement of real quality of life. This second edition adds chapters and reports on the first implementation of the policies around the world
Now available by Amazon.com worldwide! A catalogue of the policies from which to choose which ones best suit your country and sector How to write action plans for mitigation and adaptation - the Athens conference full paper and the presentation by Valentino Piana
100 Best practices in energy for climate change mitigation The fight against climate change, which has convened the world as a whole in Paris for Cop21, is not just a climate and environmental challenge: it is economic, technological and geopolitical. Italy is well positioned with a vast array of companies and products that, if more successful, could contribute in significant way to the global challenge. Resistance and lobbying from fossil fuel vested interests: an empirical analysis [20 Nov 2015] The full book on 'Incumbents and institutions in sustainability transitions'. It applies the institutional work and institutional logics perspectives to research the role of incumbents in sustainability transitions. Case studies covers the behavior of incumbents towards biomethane, biofuels, LED lighting, and the bottle deposit system. A specific issue shedding light on worrying trends: Marine litter and microplastic pollution in the marine environment: An initial assessment of the case of the United Kingdom Outcomes from Lima UNFCCC COP20 A long draft text for the possible universal agreement in Paris 2015, full of options and embedded in a intense procedural path. The mobilization of more than 10 billion dollars for climate through the Green Climate Fund, follower years-long debate to which also EWI participated. An update of the institutional mechanism to cope with losses and damage, the innovation and technology, gender-sensitive policies.
Why the world should begin immediately to reduce CO2 emissions through innovative policies The latest 2013 paper by James Hansen et al. stating that "A world summit on climate change will be held at United Nations Headquarters in September 2014 as a preliminary to negotiation of a new climate treaty in Paris in late 2015. If this treaty is analogous to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, based on national targets for emission reductions and cap-and-trade-with-offsets emissions trading mechanisms, climate deterioration and gross intergenerational injustice will be practically guaranteed. We suggest that a pathway is still conceivable that could restore planetary energy balance on the century time scale. That path requires policies that spur technology development and provide economic incentives for consumers and businesses such that social tipping points are reached where consumers move rapidly to energy conservation and low carbon energies. it is not obvious to us that there are physical or economic limitations that prohibit fossil fuel emission targets far lower than 1000 GtC, even targets closer to 500 GtC. Indeed, we suggest that rapid transition off fossil fuels would have numerous near-term and long-term social benefits, including improved human health and outstanding potential for job creation". Living Planet Report 2014 An update of the state of the world. Green economy world index (October 2014) Coping with "losses and damages" from climate change An EWI article for Climalteranti [Italian language], covering, among others, the issue of insuring people which will likely bear the burden of climate change (with polluters paying for it). This is more relevant than ever after the establishment of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage related to climate change impacts .
Governance Panarchy in the New Transformation The sustainability lock in combined with transformative social innovation will lead to abrupt shifts. Unavoidably, it will be through instabilities, conflicts and tensions. The challenge therefore is how to move to a world within planetary, economic and social boundaries in the least disruptive way. In the paper this is called‘sustability’: taking the inability out of sustainability moving to a sustainable new stability. The idea is that these tensions might be anticipated as possible transition points, bringing together transformative social innovation, novel top-down forms of governance and phase-out strategies. With this idea of ‘governance panarchy’ the author hopes to contribute to accelerating sustainability transitions.
400 ppm of CO2 concentration in the athmosphere: the deadly news we tried hard to avoid
Adaptation The world is quickly going into the climate catastrophe. We need innovation in policies and coalitions to avoid the worst. Climate Change and Adaptation: The Italian Case Innovative Schemes for Financing Adaptation and Enhancing Technology Tranfer Adaptation strategies to minimize climate risk in companies Lessons from Fukushima for the adaptation to climate change [Italian language] How to write local plans for adaptation to climate change [ResearchGate account necessary to access the file] Loss and damage The first introduction of the concept in the Italian debate Finance Copenhagen Green Climate Fund - A Comment by Valentino Piana (Dec. 2009-Feb. 2010) The conclusions of the High Level Panel on Climate Change Finance (November 2010) - with further background papers here
On the faces and phases of eco-innovation - on the dynamics of the greening of the economy by Maj Munch Andersen
The Economics Web Institute, IESP and the Club of Rome - EU Chapters organised this side-event to the Climate Conference in Copnehange (December 2009)
COP17 Durban on Climate Change: the full text of the outcome on mitigation, adaptation, climate finance, technology transfer and already painful losses and damages In Durban, the international community has chosen to recognise the current shortcomings in the fight to climate change and launch a process aimed at increasing the GHG emission reductions, including with the operationalisation of the Green Climate Fund (whose origins date back to the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund) and improved cooperation in technology innovation and diffusion.
2011 Compilation of NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) by non-Annex I countries
Policy options for mainstreaming forest-based mitigation measures in EU rural development EWI director explores alternatives. Presentation at RomaForest2011, a major meeting of the forest sector in EU. SUSTAINABLE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR GREEN CONSTRUCTION: CHALLENGES, IMPACT AND SOLUTIONS Creation of climate-conscious attitude and lifestyle
Nagoya Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) decisions (30 October 2010) Biodiversity and climate change: the COP 10 decision The full final text of the Nagoya protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization to the convention on biological diversity Integration of biodiversity into poverty eradication and development: the COP 10 decisionCBD Strategic plan for the period 2011-2020 "Living in harmony with nature" - and he list of targets
Just transition to a low-carbon economy Climate change and social justice: recommendations to policymakers The King Baudouin Foundation has invited our EWI director, among many other stakeholders and experts, in laying down recommendations to EU, national and sub-national policymakers to order to strike the right balance and synergies between social policies and climate change mitigation. The process has been very transparent and inclusive, with final results being a far-sighted, clear, articulated and fairly detailed document fruit of real interaction. In particular, we are pleased that the need for transformational policies aimed at a fair and universal switch towards a low-carbon economy has been underlined, as our book has systematically suggested. While not necessarily agreeing on each line of the text, the Economics Web Institute supports the widest diffusion of the recommendations, as it will be doing soon in public events in Russia and in Italy. A decarbonisation path for Germany 2050 PDF [English] PDF [German] The Germany official position to reach 100% renewable energy in 2050 Merchants of doubts A great book on how a cadre of influential scientists have clouded public understanding of scientific facts to advance a regressive political and economic agenda in favour of climate polluters, taking pages from tobacco industry playbook. Migrations, bio-diversity and climate change "Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is vital if we are to avoid unmanageable levels of climate change." This is the final and key message of a June 2010 UNEP report on migratory species and their devastating vulnerability to climate change. The state of the debate on climate change The authors use an extensive dataset of 1,372 climate researchers and their publication and citation data to show that (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers Climate change as a major obstacle to development: the Human Development Report 2010 Clean energy technology (CETs)- a map of patents Patenting rates in the CETs have increased at roughly 20 per cent per annum since 1997. In that period, patenting in CETs has outpaced the traditional energy sources of fossil fuels and nuclear energy. The surge of patenting activity in CETs coincided with the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which provides a strong signal that political decisions setting adequate frameworks are important for stimulating the development of CETs. The fields experiencing the most intensive growth include solar PV, wind, carbon capture, hydro/marine and biofuels. Report - Presented on 30th November 2010 at Cancun COP16
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| Key data | |
| EU funds for fast start climate financing PDF (2010) A global overview with country data (2013)
CO2 emissions in 2009 Global data 2009 for 65+ countries - data released in August 2010 CO2 and other GHG emissions Climate change is influenced by human activities emitting greenhouse gases. This dataset presents the international distribution of emissions for 41 countries (1990-2005) that are included in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol. GHG Emissions by country and sector (1980-2006) A large dataset allowing for sectoral and international comparison of emission trajectories.
CO2 Emissions (1990-2008) This dataset includes not only the Annex I countries but also China and other countries in the world that are included in Annex II of the Kyoto Protocol. Per capita CO2 Emissions from fossil fuels (1980-2006) CO2 Emissions from fossil fuels per thousands dollars of GDP (1980-2006) CO2 Emissions for Transport - data for 50 countries (1990-2005)
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| World public opinion polls on climate change (July 2009)
Environmental taxes in 15 countries (1980-1999)
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| Oil world prices (1861-1999) MS Excel [7 KB]
Environmental taxes in 15 countries (1980-1999) Biodiversity in EU - awareness and attitudes A survey in 27 countries about the importance of natural species survival and the wider biodiversity issues, as the relevance of climate change and other stressors.
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The vision of the Mediterranean Climate Change Initiative
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| The final outcome of LCA in Cancún The draft of the decisions (produced at Tianjin - October 2010 and updated in Cancún - 4 December 2010) The LCA negotiating text - 13th August 2010 and its updated version of 10th June 2010 Copenhagen Accord - Full Text (19th Dec) Leaked US vs. China positions (8th and 10th Dec) The text that has not been signed - submitted by AWG-LCA Other proposals on the table that were not signed (from USA, Tuvalu, AOSIS , African Group, etc.)
The 2009 negotiating texts towards COP15 Consolidated text of AWG-LCA (15 September 2009) June 2009 Text in preparation of August talks (all working groups) It's a major update of the following texts: The long-term shared vision, goal, and provisions for mitigation, adaptation, technology, finance and capacity-building (19 May 2009)
Towards a comprehensive climate change agreement in Copenhagen: the EU position on 28.1.2009 Proposed amendments to Kyoto Protocol
Other proposals A Proposal for a Copenhagen Agreement by Members of the Environmental NGO Community A comprehensive outcome with clear and ambitious goals, funding, mechanism. Legal text The proposal by the Wuppertal Institute for the post-2012 regime The carbon budget proposal by the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) (July 2009) The full text of Tony Blair - backed report of Climate Initiative demonstrating that “ambitious” greenhouse-gas reductions would spur economic growth and create as many as 10 million jobs by 2020, based on the model by the Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Cambridge Econometrics (20th September 2009) Towards COP15: UN note about climate change tools and their consequences (16 March 2009) Hyogo Framework for Action: International Strategy World Bank: World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change [27 MB] - Full Text UNCTAD - Climate change mitigation and development - Trade and Development Report 2009 - Full Text Strategy for Australia: a safe transition plan A zero carbon plan for Australia The full text of the IMF Green Fund proposal The International Monetary Funds is exploring how to raise large funds for green purposes.
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| Papers and essays in evolutionary economics on climate change | |
| Policies for Climate Change in the long Run: Wiring up the Innovation System for Eco-innovation Environmental innovation and industrial dynamics: the contributions of evolutionary economics Adoption paid by non-adopters: an innovative techno-economic policy to spread clean technologies Peak Oil - Coming Soon but When? UNEPRISOE Economics of Greenhouse Gas Limitations Renewable Energy Scenarios for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Climate change and radical energy innovation: the policy issues The Economics of Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Behavioral Change Changing household behaviours: learning for urban sustainability Changing behaviour: the power of feelings, emotional persuasion, framing, and radicality Stimulating diffusion of green products - Co-evolution between firms and consumers Evolutionary Theorising on Technological Change and Sustainable Development What evolutionary economics has to say about climate Green Innovation and Policy: a Co-Evolutionary Approach Policy Instruments for Evolution of Bounded Rationality: Behavioral Economics and Climate Change Policy Competing Recombinant Technologies for Environmental Innovation Consumer sovereignty and the paradigm of sustainability – a behavioural economics perspective The Fallacy of Pure Efficiency Gain Measures to Control Future Climate Change The Fallacies of Energy Efficiency: The Rebound Effect? Consumption, Happiness, and Climate Change Demand-pull energy technology policies, diffusion, and improvements in California wind power The economics of abrupt climate change The economics of catastrophic climate change Better Decision Making Under Climate Uncertainty: Lessons from Psychology The Behavioural Economics of Climate Change Equity and Distributional Issues in the Design of Environmental Tax Reform Asian development pathways and sustainable socio-technical regimes Energy Efficiency and the Possible Rebound Effect: An Agent-Based Simulation Policy Instruments for Evolution of Bounded Rationality: Application to Climate-Energy Problems Proximity in product space and diversification strategies For a look at how difficult is to diversify, see this paper based on a new methodology proposed in a paper by Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi, and Haussman. Ten steps of intentional diversification strategies are outlined. Further papers Green recovery - an international comparison (2009) Climate change report from Australia's Garnaut [15 MB] A Taxonomy of Instruments to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and their Interactions A Preliminary Set of Innovative Options for Post-2012 Climate Politics (ADAM Project) Strategies for Reducing Emissions from Transport Policy Options for Internalising the External Costs of Transport in the EU The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review (April 2009) Southeast Asia produced 12% of the world’s greenhouse gases at the turn of the century and, with the region’s expanding population and economies, its global share of GHG emissions is likely to increase under “business-as-usual”. Yet, Southeast Asia is among the regions of the world with the greatest potential for mitigating carbon dioxide by reducing deforestation and improving land management practices. It also has vast, untapped opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and for increasing the use of renewable energy sources, including biomass, solar, wind, hydro and geothermal—all leading to GHG emission reductions. This study urges Southeast Asian countries to play their part in a global solution to climate change by introducing sustainable development policies that incorporate mitigation and adaptation activities. The economics of Climate Change Mitigation: How to Build the Necessary Global Action in a Cost-Effective Manner (OECD - 5 June 2009) Further data and discussions Climalteranti [in Italian language]
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IPCC - Full report on Mitigation [20 MB] Time for Plan B - Cutting Carbon Emissions 80 Percent by 2020 [3 MB] Brochure [0.7 MB] Stern Review - Full text [12 MB] Key Elements of a Global Deal on Climate Change
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| The denials' strategy Talking points against climate change - the strategy of deniers
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